The History of Deoksugung Palace: The Last Royal Palace of Korea
The History of Deoksugung Palace: The Last Royal Palace of Korea
1. Origins and Establishment of Deoksugung Palace
Deoksugung Palace (덕수궁), located in Jung-gu, Seoul, is one of the royal palaces of the Joseon Dynasty and an important historical site in Korea. Unlike other palaces, it was not originally built as a royal residence but was later designated as a palace when King Seonjo (reigned 1567–1608) used it as a temporary residence after the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598).
1-1. The Original Name: Jeongneung-dong Temporary Palace
The origins of Deoksugung date back to the late Goryeo Dynasty. The site was originally a residence for royal family members and high-ranking officials during the Joseon Dynasty.
When the Japanese invasions of Korea began in 1592, King Seonjo fled the capital. After the war, upon his return to Hanyang (present-day Seoul), he found Gyeongbokgung and Changdeokgung Palaces severely damaged. As a result, he temporarily used this residence as a palace, naming it Jeongneung-dong Haenggung (貞陵洞行宮), meaning "Jeongneung-dong Temporary Palace."
2. Development and Official Designation as a Palace
2-1. King Gwanghaegun and the Renaming to Gyeongungung Palace
King Gwanghaegun (reigned 1608–1623) officially designated this site as a royal palace and renamed it Gyeongungung (慶運宮). However, following the deposition of Gwanghaegun during the Injo Coup (1623), King Injo relocated to Changdeokgung, and Gyeongungung was left unoccupied for a period. During the late Joseon Dynasty, it was used as a secondary palace for royal family members.
2-2. The Daehan Empire and Emperor Gojong’s Residence
Deoksugung Palace gained historical significance during the Daehan Empire (1897–1910).
In 1897, Emperor Gojong (reigned 1863–1907) returned from the Russian Legation, where he had taken refuge, and designated Gyeongungung as the imperial palace of the newly proclaimed Daehan Empire. During this time, Western-style buildings were constructed within the palace grounds, marking a transformation in its architectural style.
One of the most notable buildings constructed during this period was Seokjojeon (석조전), a Western-style stone building used for official state affairs and diplomatic meetings.
Even after Emperor Gojong was forced to abdicate in 1907, he continued to reside in Deoksugung Palace. He passed away in 1919 at Hamnyeongjeon Hall (咸寧殿), making Deoksugung a historically significant location as the last residence of Korea’s imperial family.
2-3. Renaming to Deoksugung Palace
After the annexation of Korea by Japan in 1910, the Japanese government changed the name of the palace to Deoksugung (德壽宮), meaning "Palace of Virtuous Longevity." While the name suggested a wish for Emperor Gojong’s long life, in reality, it was part of Japan’s efforts to diminish the imperial status of the site.
3. Architectural Features and Key Structures
Deoksugung Palace uniquely blends traditional Korean architecture with Western influences, reflecting the modernization efforts of the Daehan Empire.
3-1. Major Buildings of Deoksugung Palace
✅ Jungwajeon Hall (中和殿)
The central hall of Deoksugung, where the emperor conducted official state affairs and diplomatic ceremonies.
✅ Seokjojeon Hall (石造殿)
A Western-style building completed in 1909, symbolizing the modernization of the Korean imperial court. Today, it serves as a museum showcasing the history of the Daehan Empire.
✅ Hamnyeongjeon Hall (咸寧殿)
The residence of Emperor Gojong and the place where he passed away in 1919.
✅ Jeonggwanheon Pavilion (靜觀軒)
A Western-style pavilion where Emperor Gojong is said to have enjoyed coffee and held meetings with foreign diplomats.
✅ Deokhongjeon Hall (德弘殿)
A private residence for Emperor Gojong within the palace.
3-2. The Famous Deoksugung Stone Wall Road
Deoksugung is also known for its picturesque stone wall road, a popular walking path in Seoul. There is a superstition that couples who walk along this road will break up, which originated from the fact that Seoul’s family court was once located nearby. Today, it remains a well-loved cultural and historical attraction.
4. Modern Significance and Preservation Efforts
Today, Deoksugung Palace is designated as Historic Site No. 124 of South Korea and is open to the public as a cultural heritage site. Efforts are being made to preserve and restore its historical significance, particularly the legacy of the Daehan Empire.
✅ Cultural Heritage Protection: Deoksugung is actively maintained as an important historical and cultural landmark.
✅ Historical Reenactment Events: Ceremonial events, such as the Emperor’s Procession and the Imperial Coronation Reenactment, are held to educate visitors about the palace’s history.
✅ Museum Exhibitions: Seokjojeon Hall now operates as a museum, displaying artifacts and historical materials related to the Daehan Empire.
Conclusion
Deoksugung Palace is a unique historical site that symbolizes Korea’s transition from the Joseon Dynasty to the Daehan Empire. It holds great significance as the last imperial palace of Korea, reflecting the nation’s struggle for modernization and sovereignty. With its blend of traditional Korean and Western architectural styles, Deoksugung remains a remarkable cultural landmark in the heart of Seoul.
Deoksugung Palace: Nearby Accommodations and Transportation Guide
1. Nearby Accommodations: Where to Stay Near Deoksugung Palace
Deoksugung Palace is located in Jung-gu, Seoul, a central district with a variety of accommodations ranging from luxury hotels to budget-friendly options. Whether you are a traveler seeking premium service or a backpacker looking for an affordable stay, there are plenty of choices near Deoksugung.
1-1. Luxury Hotels (5-Star & High-End Options)
For travelers looking for a luxurious experience, Seoul’s top-rated hotels are located within walking distance of Deoksugung Palace.
✅ The Plaza Seoul, Autograph Collection
- Distance: About 3 minutes on foot (200m)
- Features: A high-end hotel with modern design, a spa, fitness center, and gourmet dining options.
- Best For: Business travelers and those seeking a premium stay.
✅ Lotte Hotel Seoul
- Distance: About 8 minutes on foot (600m)
- Features: One of Seoul’s most prestigious hotels with luxury suites, fine dining, and an excellent view of the city skyline.
- Best For: Luxury travelers and tourists wanting to explore nearby Myeongdong and City Hall.
✅ Four Seasons Hotel Seoul
- Distance: About 10 minutes on foot (700m)
- Features: A globally renowned hotel offering world-class hospitality, multiple dining options, and a serene spa.
- Best For: Those looking for top-tier service and a luxurious experience.
1-2. Mid-Range Hotels (3-4 Star Options)
For travelers looking for a balance between comfort and affordability, mid-range hotels provide excellent service without the high cost.
✅ Fraser Place Namdaemun
- Distance: About 7 minutes on foot (500m)
- Features: A business-friendly hotel with spacious rooms, free Wi-Fi, and great accessibility.
- Best For: Families and business travelers looking for a convenient stay.
✅ Nine Tree Premier Hotel Myeongdong 2
- Distance: About 12 minutes on foot (900m)
- Features: A stylish yet affordable hotel with modern rooms and great city views.
- Best For: Tourists exploring Myeongdong and nearby cultural sites.
1-3. Budget Accommodations & Guesthouses
For backpackers and budget-conscious travelers, several guesthouses and budget hotels offer affordable yet comfortable stays near Deoksugung Palace.
✅ Seoul Station R Guesthouse
- Distance: About 10 minutes by subway (1.5km)
- Features: A cozy and affordable guesthouse with essential amenities and a friendly atmosphere.
- Best For: Backpackers and budget travelers.
✅ Step Inn Myeongdong 1
- Distance: About 12 minutes on foot (900m)
- Features: A clean, budget-friendly hostel with dormitory and private room options.
- Best For: Solo travelers looking for affordable accommodation in a central location.
2. Transportation: How to Get to Deoksugung Palace
Deoksugung Palace is easily accessible by various means of transportation, including subway, bus, taxi, and walking.
2-1. Subway (Recommended Option)
Seoul’s subway system is one of the fastest and most efficient ways to reach Deoksugung Palace.
✅ Nearest Subway Station:
- City Hall Station (시청역, Line 1 & Line 2)
- Exit 2 or 3 → Walk for 1 minute (100m) to the main entrance of Deoksugung Palace
✅ Alternative Subway Stations:
- Seoul Station (Line 1, Line 4, AREX, KTX)
- Take Line 1 (Blue Line) → Get off at City Hall Station (1 stop)
- Euljiro 1-ga Station (Line 2, Green Line)
- Walk 8 minutes (600m) from Exit 1
2-2. Bus (Affordable Option for Locals and Tourists)
Many public buses stop near Deoksugung Palace, making it a convenient option.
✅ Bus Stops Near Deoksugung Palace:
- City Hall Station Bus Stop (시청역 정류장)
- Seoul Plaza Bus Stop (서울광장 정류장)
✅ Recommended Bus Routes:
- Blue Buses (Main Routes): 101, 150, 402, 405
- Green Buses (Local Routes): 7011, 7022
- Airport Limousine Bus: 6005 (From Incheon Airport to City Hall)
2-3. Taxi (Best for Comfort and Convenience)
Taking a taxi is a convenient way to reach Deoksugung Palace, especially for those carrying luggage or traveling in groups.
✅ Estimated Taxi Fares:
- From Seoul Station: ~₩4,000 KRW (5 minutes)
- From Myeongdong: ~₩5,000 KRW (7 minutes)
- From Incheon Airport: ~₩70,000 KRW (1 hour)
📌 Tip: Use taxi-hailing apps like Kakao Taxi or Uber for easy booking.
2-4. Walking (Great for Sightseeing)
For travelers staying nearby, walking to Deoksugung Palace is a great way to enjoy Seoul’s historical and modern architecture.
✅ Walking Time from Nearby Attractions:
- Seoul Plaza → 2 minutes (Right across the street)
- Myeongdong → 10 minutes
- Namdaemun Market → 10 minutes
- Gwanghwamun Square → 12 minutes
Conclusion
Deoksugung Palace is surrounded by a variety of accommodation options, from luxury hotels to budget-friendly guesthouses, making it easy for any traveler to find a suitable place to stay. The palace is also well-connected by subway, bus, and taxi, ensuring a smooth and enjoyable visit. Whether you choose to stay at a luxurious five-star hotel or a cozy guesthouse, you can enjoy convenient access to one of Korea’s most historic landmarks.
Tourist Attractions Near Deoksugung Palace
Deoksugung Palace is located in the heart of Seoul, making it an ideal starting point to explore the city's rich cultural heritage, modern attractions, and vibrant shopping districts. Here’s a detailed guide to the best nearby tourist destinations you can visit after exploring Deoksugung Palace.
1. Historic and Cultural Attractions
1-1. Gyeongbokgung Palace (경복궁)
✅ Distance: 15 minutes on foot (1.2 km) or 5 minutes by subway
✅ Why Visit?
- The largest and most iconic royal palace of the Joseon Dynasty.
- Home to Gwanghwamun Gate, Geunjeongjeon Throne Hall, and the National Palace Museum of Korea.
- You can witness the Royal Guard Changing Ceremony held daily (except Tuesdays).
📌 Tip: Wear a hanbok (traditional Korean attire) for free entry!
1-2. Gwanghwamun Square (광화문광장)
✅ Distance: 10 minutes on foot (800m)
✅ Why Visit?
- A historical plaza with statues of King Sejong and Admiral Yi Sun-sin.
- Interactive exhibits on Korean history and cultural heritage.
- Great photo opportunities with Gyeongbokgung Palace in the background.
📌 Tip: Visit at night to see the beautifully illuminated statues and fountains.
1-3. Namdaemun Gate & Namdaemun Market (숭례문 & 남대문시장)
✅ Distance: 10 minutes on foot (700m)
✅ Why Visit?
- Sungnyemun (Namdaemun Gate): A National Treasure and one of Seoul’s oldest landmarks.
- Namdaemun Market: Korea’s largest traditional market, famous for street food, souvenirs, and clothing.
📌 Must-Try Foods:
- Hotteok (호떡) – Sweet Korean pancakes
- Kalguksu (칼국수) – Handmade noodle soup
- Gimbap (김밥) – Korean-style sushi rolls
1-4. Jogyesa Temple (조계사)
✅ Distance: 15 minutes on foot (1.3 km)
✅ Why Visit?
- The center of Korean Buddhism in Seoul.
- Stunning lantern displays during Buddha’s Birthday Festival (April-May).
- A peaceful escape from the city’s hustle and bustle.
📌 Tip: Visit in the morning to experience monks chanting and meditation sessions.
2. Shopping and Entertainment Areas
2-1. Myeongdong Shopping Street (명동 쇼핑거리)
✅ Distance: 10 minutes on foot (900m)
✅ Why Visit?
- Seoul’s most famous shopping district for fashion, cosmetics, and accessories.
- Hundreds of street food stalls offering delicious local snacks.
- Popular Korean skincare and beauty stores like Innisfree, Etude House, and Nature Republic.
📌 Must-Try Street Foods:
- Tteokbokki (떡볶이) – Spicy rice cakes
- Grilled Lobster with Cheese
- Strawberry Mochi
2-2. Insadong (인사동)
✅ Distance: 15 minutes by bus (2 km)
✅ Why Visit?
- The best place to buy traditional Korean crafts, tea, and souvenirs.
- Visit Ssamziegil, a unique shopping complex with handcrafted goods.
- Experience Korean calligraphy, pottery, and tea culture at local teahouses.
📌 Tip: Try "Insadong Tteok" (rice cakes) and explore hidden art galleries.
2-3. Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP, 동대문 디자인 플라자)
✅ Distance: 15 minutes by subway (Line 2 to Dongdaemun History & Culture Park Station)
✅ Why Visit?
- A futuristic landmark designed by architect Zaha Hadid.
- Home to Korea’s fashion district, featuring 24-hour shopping malls.
- Hosts Seoul Fashion Week and art exhibitions.
📌 Tip: Visit at night to see the LED rose garden lighting up!
3. Nature and Relaxation Spots
3-1. Cheonggyecheon Stream (청계천)
✅ Distance: 5 minutes on foot (400m)
✅ Why Visit?
- A beautiful urban stream running through central Seoul.
- Perfect for a peaceful walk or romantic evening stroll.
- Seasonal events like the Seoul Lantern Festival in November.
📌 Tip: Walk from Cheonggye Plaza to Gwangjang Market (20 minutes) for amazing local food.
3-2. Namsan Seoul Tower (남산 서울타워)
✅ Distance: 10 minutes by taxi or 20 minutes by cable car
✅ Why Visit?
- The best panoramic view of Seoul from the observation deck.
- Famous “Locks of Love” fence, where couples leave padlocks.
- Enjoy a cable car ride up the mountain.
📌 Tip: Visit just before sunset to see the city in daylight and at night!
4. Food and Nightlife Around Deoksugung Palace
4-1. Gwangjang Market (광장시장)
✅ Distance: 15 minutes by subway (Line 1 to Jongno 5-ga Station)
✅ Why Visit?
- The best place for authentic Korean street food.
- Try the famous Mayak Kimbap (마약김밥), crispy bindaetteok (mung bean pancakes), and fresh sashimi.
📌 Tip: Visit in the evening for a lively local atmosphere.
4-2. Ikseon-dong Hanok Village (익선동 한옥마을)
✅ Distance: 15 minutes by subway (Line 1 to Jongno 3-ga Station)
✅ Why Visit?
- A hidden gem with traditional hanok (Korean houses) cafés and restaurants.
- Great for Instagram-worthy photos and a cozy ambiance.
- Try Korean fusion food and handmade desserts.
📌 Tip: Visit in the afternoon to explore unique boutiques and flower cafés.
Conclusion
Deoksugung Palace is surrounded by a wide range of tourist attractions, shopping areas, cultural sites, and dining spots. Whether you’re interested in historical palaces, vibrant shopping districts, nature walks, or delicious street food, everything is just a short walk or subway ride away.
✅ Plan your next adventure and explore Seoul’s hidden gems! 🚶♂️🗺️